2021年12月8日,德国新任总理朔尔茨及新政府内阁全体成员在柏林的德国联邦议院宣誓就职。图为朔尔茨宣誓就职。中新社记者 彭大伟 摄
彭大伟:德国和欧洲始终与中国保持对话,这一点为何如此重要?
弗里德里希:首先,我相信,在一个全球化的世界,当涉及到全人类共同面临的挑战,要使得我们的星球免于“过载”,例如在环保、气候、卫生等议题上,所有国家就都必须共同承担责任、携手合作。
我们正处在新冠大流行当中,对此有切身感受。此外消除饥饿也是重要的议题。在上述议题上,全球各国政府必须进行合作,欧洲和中国当然在这其中也承担特殊的责任。
我们都生活在同一片广袤的欧亚大陆上,我相信中国到欧洲构成一条发展之轴和稳定之轴。这条轴具有关键意义,因此德国和中国之间需要紧密地并肩前行。
彭大伟:德国新一届联邦政府希望改善德国在应对气候变化和数字化等方面的表现。这会否开启新的对华合作空间?
弗里德里希:数字化和应对气候变化不仅是政界面临的两项突出挑战,也是经济界和全体企业面临的一项重大的转型进程,这一进程必须在未来10到30年内完成。因此,数字化和应对气候变化是所有人的日程表上最优先的议题。
德国和中国刚好在上述领域拥有非常多的合作可能性。对两国企业而言,上述领域也是举足轻重的,氢能的利用便是其中一个例子,在其它很多具体领域我们两国未来也肯定会有合作。
彭大伟:默克尔在卸任总理前接受的最后一次专访中表示,“德国和欧盟应该延续同中国的合作,并且双方都能够从对方身上学到东西”。您认为双方分别可以从对方身上学到什么?
弗里德里希:总体而言,我认为我们可以从中国、从中国人身上学到如何更加乐观地去看待技术领域取得的进步。德国在很多领域对革新、对新技术发展都过度谨慎,而中国人则首先看到其中的机遇,其次才去关注风险——德国的态度刚好相反。
我想德国人可以向中国人学习的是,如果能够勇于开启新的项目,并在一些地方不尽如人意、甚至暂时遭遇失败时坦然面对,同时专注于机遇,这将是很好的事情。这是我们必须向中国学习的、十分重要的一点。至于中国人能够向我们学习什么,这得由您来解答。
彭大伟:我能想到的是氢能等绿色清洁能源和技术,以及其它更多的领域——可能用“合作”比“学习”更贴切。
彭大伟:您对欧盟提出的对华关系“三分法”(“伙伴、竞争者和制度对手”)有何看法?这种“三分法”是否会导致不同体制之间的对抗甚至摊牌?
弗里德里希:德国新一届联邦政府的联合执政协议中就能找到您所提到的“三分法”。但当人们仔细看这些概念时会发现,“伙伴”是明确无误的,我刚刚已经提到了,全球各国政府采取合作才能使我们成功战胜全人类共同面临的重大挑战。在“竞争”这一层面,“竞争”与其说是指中国与欧盟、中国与德国国家之间的竞争,不如说更多地是指企业间的竞争——德国企业、荷兰企业、法国企业、捷克企业、中国企业……企业之间存在竞争。
至于“制度对手”这一提法,我必须坦诚地说,我不太清楚这到底想要表达什么,因为经过仔细思考后,我并不觉得欧盟有意愿改变其自身的政治制度,我同样也不认为中国有改变其自身政治制度的意愿。
在这一意义上,“制度对手”的问题实际上仅涉及不同权力体系之间的竞争,尤其是美国和中国之间。作为欧洲人,我们有很强的动力去确保美中对抗不走向升级,确保我们能够在一个和平的世界里携手合作。
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。 ![]() 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。 ![]() House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle. ![]()
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